Based on all information, we integrated the adapted community-friendly health recovery program-a brief evidence-based HIV prevention behavioral intervention-with the evidence-based biomedical component, an approach that incorporates innovative strategies to accommodate individuals with NCI. Analysis of FG data followed a thematic analysis approach utilizing several qualitative data analysis techniques, including inductive analysis and cross-case analysis. This process involved eliciting data through structured focus groups (FGs) with key stakeholders-members of the target population ( n = 20) and treatment providers ( n = 10). Our formative work involved first adapting an evidence-based behavioral intervention-guided by the Assessment–Decision–Administration–Production–Topical experts–Integration–Training–Testing model-and then combining the behavioral intervention with an evidence-based biomedical intervention for implementation among the target population. We report on the process and outcome of our formative research aimed at developing an integrated biobehavioral approach that incorporates innovative strategies to address the HIV prevention and cognitive needs of high-risk PWUD in drug treatment. To date, HIV prevention efforts have largely relied on singular strategies (e.g., behavioral or biomedical approaches alone) with modest HIV risk-reduction outcomes for people who use drugs (PWUD), many of whom experience a wide range of neurocognitive impairments (NCI).
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